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- (10/17) Scientists Find ‘Chorus Waves’ in Unexpected Part of Space
- AUDIO Scientists Find ‘Chorus Waves’ in Unexpected Part of Space International researchers recently released a study on bursts of energy in an unexpected area of space. Scientists call the energetic activity “chorus waves” because they are said to move at the same frequency as sounds humans can hear. When the energy is turned into audio signals, the waves sound like birds chirping. Researchers have known about chorus waves in space for many years. But the latest research has found the waves exist 100,000 kilometers from Earth. Chorus waves have never before been measured at such a big distance from a planet. In an email, study writer Chengming Liu from Beihang University in Beijing wrote: “They are one of the strongest and most significant waves in space.” Allison Jaynes is a space physicist at the University of Iowa who was not involved with the study. Speaking about the recent study, Jaynes said, “That opens up a lot of new questions about the physics that could be possible in this area.” The newfound chorus waves were detected in an area where Earth's magnetic field is stretched out. Scientists said they did not expect to find the waves there. The discovery raises new questions about how the chirping waves form. Jaynes added, “We definitely need to find more of these events.” Scientists still are not sure how the waves develop. But they think Earth’s magnetic field may have something to do with it. For many years, radio antennas have picked up chorus waves. This includes receivers at an Antarctica research station in the 1960s. And NASA’s two Van Allen Probes heard the chirping sounds from Earth's radiation belts at a closer distance than the newest observations. The latest chorus waves were picked up by NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale satellites. They were launched in 2015 to explore the Earth and the sun's magnetic fields. Chorus waves have also been found near other planets including Jupiter and Saturn. The waves can produce high-energy electrons. That means they can threaten satellite communications. The researchers said their findings suggest that chorus waves might be found everywhere in the magnetic fields of planets. The study was released on January 22 in the scientific publication Nature. ______________________________________________________ Words in This Story chorus –n. a group of singers who sing together significant –adj. important, meaningful chirping –n. short, sharp sounds similar to the songs of certain birds frequency –n. the number of times a wave form repeats in a certain amount of time magnetic field –n. the area around a magnetized object that is influenced by its magnetism antenna –n. a device that carries radio waves to a receiver radiation belt –n. an area of charged particles around a planet that is formed largely because of its magnetic field https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/scientists-find-chorus-waves-in-unexpected-part-of-space/7953679.html
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- (10/16) Japanese Artist Finds Peace in Cutting Leaves
- AUDIO Japanese Artist Finds Peace in Cutting Leaves A Japanese artist who creates detailed designs on fallen leaves says the process gives the leaves new life and also helps keep him healthy. The artist goes by the name Lito. He did not want to share his full name for personal reasons. Lito likes to cut, or carve, many different leaf designs. Examples of his work include a frog holding an umbrella, animals jumping happily, Japan’s famous Mount Fuji and ocean waves. Lito began making his leaf art in 2020. Now, he has many fans around the world who discovered his designs on social media. He recently told reporters from The Associated Press that his work also gives him peaceful feelings to help deal with a health issue. The condition Lito struggles with is called attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. People with ADHD can experience difficulties such as mental focus, directing attention and organizing and controlling urges. The 38-year-old Lito said that in addition to helping him deal with his own issues, he hopes his art can give other people enjoyment as well. Lito likes working at night. In a demonstration of his process, he showed that he first treats several leaves with a chemical to keep them from drying out. Then, he chooses the one he wants to work on and places it on a cutting surface. He begins by making a design on the leaf with a pen. He then uses a special design knife to cut the leaf. As he works slowly and carefully, one leaf begins to take the shape of a frog carrying an umbrella. Some of Lito’s more complex creations on a single leaf can take more than eight hours to complete. He said he likes to finish a leaf in one sitting. His leaf-cutting works include titles such as Scrolls of Frolicking Animals, Leaf Aquarium, and Thirty-six Views of Mt. Fuji: The Great Wave off Kanagawa. He often uses animals as his subject and each piece includes some of hisown personal elements. Since his childhood, Lito says he has had high levels of concentration and patience. But no matter how hard he tried, he felt he could not meet expectations of behavior at school and work. He also struggled to understand others' feelings and to avoid conflict. After years of difficulty, he went to a hospital at age 30 and was told he has ADHD, a diagnosis he felt explained why he has always done things differently. Lito said he saw no reason to force himself to do things the same way as other people. So, he decided to change his way of living. In early 2020, Lito learned about the art of leaf cutting. He saw it as the perfect use of his patience and concentration. Word of his skill has spread far across social media, and he has published books on his leaf-cutting work. And almost every month, he holds a showing of his art in different places in Japan. "If I can make people happy by doing what I am doing, I want to do more. That's my driving force for what's next," Lito said. ______________________________________________ Words in This Story umbrella – n. a device used to protect oneself from rain or sunlight focus – n. a state or condition permitting clear perception or understanding concentration – n. the ability to give your attention or thought to a single object or activity patient – adj. bearing pain or difficulty calmly or without complaint diagnosis – n. a medical finding of disease https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/japanese-artist-finds-peace-in-cutting-leaves-/7884684.html
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- (10/15) New Study Examines Whether Venus Had Liquid Water
- AUDIO New Study Examines Whether Venus Had Liquid Water A new study suggests that Venus likely never had water flowing on its surface. The research was based on data related to the chemical makeup of the planet’s atmosphere. Scientists have long considered whether Venus once held liquid water, even possibly large oceans. Such research was based on the fact that Venus is like our own planet in many ways. It is a rocky planet similar in structure and size to Earth and is also our closest planetary neighbor. But the latest study provides evidence that Venus has likely always been the hot, extremely dry planet it remains today. Researchers from Britain’s University of Cambridge led the study. It recently appeared in the publication Nature Astronomy. The researchers’ data examinations led them to conclude that both the surface and interior of Venus remain dry. The team said the strongest evidence that Venus once had large amounts of water would be the discovery of some water inside the planet today. But the study provided no evidence of that. Since water is considered an important element for supporting life, the researchers also suggest that Venus was likely never habitable, or able to support life. The lead writer of the study was Tereza Constantinou, a doctoral student at the University of Cambridge's Institute of Astronomy. She told Reuters news agency, "We suggest that a habitable past would be associated with Venus' present interior being water-rich, and a dry past with Venus' present interior being dry.” The researchers explained they attempted to measure the current destruction rate of molecules in water, carbon dioxide and carbonyl sulfide in Venus’ atmosphere. The state of the planet’s atmosphere is linked to volcanic activity, the team said. “Volcanism, through its supply of gases to the atmosphere, provides a window into the interior of rocky planets like Venus,” the researchers wrote in a statement. “As magma rises from the mantle to the surface, it releases gases from the deeper portions of the planet. Volcanic explosions, or eruptions, can provide information on the amount of water contained deep below a planet’s surface, the scientists said. On Earth, for example, volcanic eruptions mostly release steam, a vapor created when water gets heated. Measurements of volcanic gases on Earth have shown they release about 60 percent water vapor. But the researchers said their examinations suggested volcanic gases released on Venus were less than 6 percent water vapor. This persuaded the team to conclude that the planet’s interior – the source of the magma that releases volcanic gases – must be very dry. The team noted that scientists have had two leading theories on the history of water on Venus. The first is that the planet had a moderate climate for billions of years, with liquid water flowing over areas of the surface. Over time, widespread volcanic activity likely led to extreme heat and dry conditions that made the water disappear. The second theory imagined Venus as being very hot from the beginning, preventing liquid water from ever forming on the surface. Constantinou said, “Both of those theories are based on climate models, but we wanted to take a different approach based on observations of Venus’ current atmospheric chemistry.” She added that the team did not find evidence that any chemicals being removed from the atmosphere were later being restored. This provides strong evidence that Venus has a very dry interior today, the scientists concluded. "The atmospheric chemistry suggests that volcanic eruptions on Venus release very little water, implying that the planet's interior…is equally dry,” Constantinou said. She added that her team “would have loved to find that Venus was once a planet much closer to our own.” However, Constantinou noted the finding suggests that researchers should center their searches “on planets that are mostly likely to be able to support life – at least life as we know it.” ___________________________________________ Words in This Story magma – n. hot liquid rock found just below the surface of the Earth mantle – n. a layer of something that covers a surface vapor – n. many small drops of liquid that form in the air approach – n. the way something is done imply – v. to communicate an idea or feeling without saying it directly https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/new-study-examines-whether-venus-had-liquid-water/7887493.html
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- [10/10] “博罗依”将影响海南、广西!秋台风为何扎堆来袭?
- 中新网北京9月26日电(记者 邵萌)台风“桦加沙”对华南一带的影响已趋于结束,中央气象台于25日20时对其停止编号。不过,紧随其后的今年第20号台风“博罗依”已逐渐“蓄力”,或将影响我国南部海域和华南地区。 台风“博罗依”可能会带来哪些影响?秋台风为何扎堆来袭? 9月24日,台风“桦加沙”在广东阳江登陆,广东阳江沙扒湾风雨呼啸。中新社记者 陈骥旻 摄 “博罗依”或将影响海南、广西等地 据中央气象台消息,26日凌晨1点前后,“博罗依”以台风级登陆菲律宾萨马岛东部沿海,登陆时中心附近最大风力有12级(33米/秒)。目前,它减弱至强热带风暴级,中心附近最大风力有11级(30米/秒)。 据预计,“博罗依”将以每小时30~35公里的速度向西偏北方向移动,27日凌晨进入南海东部海域,之后向西北方向移动,强度再次增强,并向海南岛南部海域靠近。 中央气象台首席预报员许映龙表示,目前南海中北部海温仍较高,为台风提供充足的“能量补给”。随着“博罗依”进入南海,其高层的出流条件较好,同时西南季风输送加强,后期将主要影响海南、广西、雷州半岛和越南北部等地,需关注“博罗依”有可能在海南岛近岸发生快速增强所带来的不利影响。 许映龙建议,华南地区及云南、贵州、江苏、福建、浙江等地需防范强降水可能引发的城市暴雨积涝、山洪、泥石流、山体滑坡等灾害。上述地区公众需密切关注当地气象部门发布的最新预报预警信息,提前采取防范措施。 秋季台风频繁发生并不罕见 9月以来,西北太平洋上台风“扎堆”生成,台风“塔巴”“米娜”“桦加沙”先后带来风雨影响,“博罗依”也逐渐“蓄力”。 实际上,秋季台风频繁发生并不罕见。中央气象台统计数据显示,从常年平均来看,9月至11月,平均每年生成10.7个秋台风,有2.3个登陆我国。其中有50%至60%以台风、强台风或者超强台风级别登陆。 中央气象台台风与海洋气象预报中心首席预报员王海平分析,进入秋季,海洋经过整个夏季的持续加热,海温较高,为台风的发展增强提供充足的能量来源;秋季的大气环流形势相较夏季更为稳定,垂直方向的风速或风向随高度变化也有所减弱,有利于台风的发展增强;来自西南季风和副热带高压南侧的东南气流仍然比较活跃,将大量暖湿水汽输送到台风形成的区域。另外,秋台风容易与北方南下的冷空气相遇,加剧暖湿空气抬升,也容易导致极端降水发生。 她指出,近期,来自印度洋的西南季风活跃,季风槽内对流活动旺盛,海水温度高,环流形势较为稳定,水汽输送充足,使得近期台风的生成较为密集。 https://www.chinanews.com.cn/sh/2025/09-26/10489676.shtml
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- [10/2] 牙齿也“文身”?“牙冠刻字”引热议,有没有健康隐患?
- ※ mp3 파일 참고 : "LINK" 링크 클릭해주시면 mp3 포함되어 있습니다 :) 近日,有上海的牙科医生在社交平台分享称,新出现了一种打印牙冠个性化定制,颇受年轻患者青睐,“发财”“上岸”等字样成为热门选择。网友调侃这寓意“咬咬牙就发财、咬咬牙能上岸”。也有人质疑:“口腔并非许愿池,刻字究竟给谁看?” 北京大学口腔医院副主任医师许桐楷介绍,牙冠是用来修复受损、缺损牙齿的人造修复体。所谓的“牙齿文身”“牙冠刻字”并不是直接在天然牙上操作,而是通过各类技术在人造牙冠表面形成凹凸纹路或颜色印记。 许桐楷说:“过去是技师拿着笔一点一点把釉彩刷在烤瓷冠上,再去烧结。随着数字化加工技术的普及,他们要想实现这样的效果就变得更加方便了。有的是树脂冠,直接拿激光去打;也有氧化锆的,就是在生成牙冠的过程中,把刻字这部分直接打印出来了。” 浙江杭州一家公司生产液态3D打印氧化锆修复体。公司工作人员表示,借助3D打印技术,他们可以提供牙冠个性化定制服务,按顾客意愿在牙冠上设计文字和图案。 工作人员介绍:“我们的牙是用氧化锆做的,是3D打印的。简单的一些文字跟图案都可以。目前国内只有我们公司能够制作。我们产品本身是获得口腔医疗器械三类证的,质保是15年。” 工作人员表示,牙冠的相关费用需要结合患者的具体情况去计算,刻印字样、图案作为附加服务不另收费。公司与各地的医疗机构有合作,患者可以就近选择机构就医。在患者提出牙冠刻印需求后,医生会根据实际情况,判断能否进行刻印。 “您要把图案告诉我们,我们会评估您的修复体是不是可以刻的,您想要刻在那种比较薄的地方,我们是不建议进行刻字的。本身刻字有一定的凹陷区,如果过薄的话,强度可能就无法保证。”工作人员说。 在浙江大学口腔医院修复学科门诊,主治医师卢洪叶告诉记者,此前医院接到过类似咨询,患者希望在牙冠表面进行个性化图案定制,大都是为了表达个性。 卢洪叶说:“(患者)咨询我们能不能在修复体上刻字,或者说能不能把一些珠宝、钻石镶嵌到牙齿上,特别是一些年轻的群体,他们可能有一些表达自我或彰显个性的社交需求。” 杭州这家公司的工作人员坦言,目前,“牙齿文身”“牙冠刻字”需求并不大,更谈不上形成潮流。 卢洪叶提醒,在牙冠表面进行刻印可能影响其结构强度,也存在潜在健康风险。 卢洪叶介绍:“从专业角度来讲,在修复体上刻字,可能会降低它的厚度,减弱它的强度,会造成这个修复体更易折断、破裂。此外它表面的凹坑不利于菌斑的清洁,未来可能更容易发生继发龋或者牙周炎的风险。” 牙冠首要任务是保护牙齿、恢复功能。许桐楷表示,一些机构为了迎合小众人群做出的这些所谓“创新”,不应该成为潮流。 “假牙加工行业现在竞争也是很激烈的,大家在比拼质量、成本、服务的基础上,也有一些厂家会觉得这也算是一种个性化服务,可能会迎合到一些人群的需求。总之它作为假牙不满足任何的功能,我们认为它既不仿真也不好看,也不会对我们做假牙的根本目标产生任何的变化。这个做法既不是潮流也不主流,我建议大家慎重。”许桐楷说。 https://china.cnr.cn/gdgg/20250919/t20250919_527368902.shtml
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- [10/1] 醉酒后开启自动驾驶,能否从轻处罚?
- 近年来,人工智能技术呈爆发式发展,在诸多领域实现广泛应用,其中在自动驾驶方面的应用尤为瞩目。然而,技术的快速迭代也催生出一系列法律新课题:当人工智能赋能人类活动时,人与智能系统之间的责任边界该如何划分?人工智能在拓展人类能力的同时,能否减轻甚至转移人的法律责任? 日前,北京市东城区人民法院审结一起涉及醉驾时开启自动驾驶功能的危险驾驶案。经审理,法院明确指出,当前阶段的自动驾驶技术仍属于辅助驾驶范畴,车辆行驶安全的最终责任人仍是驾驶者。最终,法院依法判处被告人拘役三个月,并处罚金6000元。该案判决不仅厘清了现阶段自动驾驶场景下的刑事责任认定,也向社会传递了明确的价值导向:技术进步的目的系服务于人类福祉,其不应成为规避责任的借口。 男子夜间酒后驾车,血液酒精含量超过200毫克/100毫升 2023年3月某日夜间,闫某某与几位朋友聚餐饮酒。聚餐结束后已是凌晨,其中一位朋友叫了代驾,代驾驾驶闫某某的汽车将闫某某的朋友送到了家,由于朋友叫代驾后设置的终点仅是到朋友家,因此代驾送完闫某某的朋友后就离开了。 代驾离开后,只剩下闫某某自己在车上。闫某某看时间很晚了,觉得路上没有什么车,且认为自己新买的电动汽车具有自动驾驶的功能,可以自动躲避障碍和保持车距,因此没有什么危险。于是,闫某某抱着侥幸心理开车回家。 在半路上,闫某某驾驶的汽车因形迹可疑,被设卡检查的民警拦截检查。民警在询问闫某某时发现其神色紧张、满口酒气,遂对其进行了呼气式酒精检测,检测结果为170毫克/100毫升。民警依法对闫某某开具了行政强制措施凭证,将其带至医院,在医院对其进行抽血化验。经血液检验,闫某某血液中酒精含量超过200毫克/100毫升。公安机关依法立案,并以闫某某涉嫌犯危险驾驶罪将其刑事拘留。后经公诉机关审查起诉,案件被移送至东城区法院审理。 辩护人:被告人开启自动驾驶功能,犯罪情节较轻 庭审过程中,公诉机关指控被告人闫某某犯危险驾驶罪,建议以危险驾驶罪判处被告人拘役三个月,并处罚金,并当庭出示了查获经过、血液提取登记表及封存照片、执法录像、血液检验报告、证人证言、被告人供述等证据,对指控事实予以证明。 被告人闫某某对自己的行为十分懊悔,对公诉机关指控的犯罪事实及罪名无异议,自愿认罪认罚。闫某某的辩护律师提出多条从轻处罚的辩护意见,包括闫某某自愿认罪认罚、到案后配合民警工作、醉驾路程较短等。辩护人认为,整个醉驾过程中,闫某某的电动汽车开启了自动驾驶功能,现今自动驾驶技术相对成熟,能按照预定路线到达目的地,还能躲避障碍、及时刹车,因此闫某某此次犯罪对公共安全的危害相对较小,请求对闫某某从轻判处。 本案承办法官根据庭审调查、质证的情况,确定了闫某某醉酒驾驶等案件事实,针对本案的相关量刑情节进行着重考量。为公正裁判,合理考量和回应辩护人的辩护意见,法官对自动驾驶技术进行了深入了解。最终,法官根据犯罪的事实、犯罪的性质、情节和对于社会的危害程度,依法作出判决。 法院:现阶段开启自动驾驶功能不能减轻醉驾者刑事责任 法院经审理认为,被告人闫某某醉酒后驾驶机动车在道路上行驶,已构成危险驾驶罪,依法应予惩处。公诉机关指控的事实清楚,证据确实充分,指控罪名成立。关于辩护人所提被告人闫某某开启自动驾驶功能后可以减轻对公共安全危害的意见。经查,现阶段自动驾驶在我国处于试点、示范应用阶段,各地对申请自动驾驶主体、车辆型号、自动驾驶级别及试点、示范区域均有不同的限制性规定。闫某某被查获时明显不符合上述要求;现有证据未显示其车辆具有自动驾驶功能且被查获时已开启该功能,即便其已实际开启,被告人闫某某供述亦显示该车辆对驾驶员的依赖性较高,法院对上述辩护意见不予采纳。辩护人所提其他合理辩护意见,法院酌予采纳。被告人闫某某被查获时血液酒精含量达到200毫克/100毫升以上,应予从重处罚。鉴于其到案后有坦白情节,自愿认罪认罚,可予从轻处罚。公诉机关所提量刑建议并无明显不当,法院予以采纳。综上,根据犯罪的事实、性质、情节及社会危害程度,以犯危险驾驶罪对被告人闫某某判处拘役三个月,并处罚金6000元。 一审判决作出后,闫某某不服,向北京市第二中级人民法院提起上诉,理由为:其车辆具备并开启自动驾驶功能,道路危险性大大降低,原判决量刑过重,请求二审法院对其适用缓刑。二审法院经审理,判决驳回上诉,维持原判。 裁判解析 启用驾驶辅助功能仍属驾驶行为,驾驶人仍应承担责任 根据2013年《最高人民法院最高人民检察院公安部关于办理醉酒驾驶机动车刑事案件适用法律若干问题的意见》(案发时有效的旧醉驾司法解释,现已失效,以下简称旧司法解释)的有关规定,在道路上驾驶机动车,血液酒精含量达到80毫克/100毫升以上的,属于醉酒驾驶机动车,应当依照刑法第一百三十三条之一第一款的规定,以危险驾驶罪定罪处罚。血液酒精含量达到200毫克/100毫升以上的,应当从重处罚。该司法解释后被2023年12月28日生效的《最高人民法院最高人民检察院公安部司法部关于办理醉酒危险驾驶刑事案件的意见》(以下简称新司法解释)代替。闫某某案发时间为2023年3月,其定罪量刑适用旧司法解释。其血液酒精含量超过200毫克/100毫升,不仅达到了危险驾驶罪的入罪标准,还具有从重处罚的情节。即使以新司法解释的规定来解读,血液酒精含量超过180毫克/100毫升也一般不适用缓刑。闫某某醉驾的危害性可见一斑。 关于自动驾驶的辩护意见。2022年3月1日实施的国家标准《汽车驾驶自动化分级》(GB/T40429-2021),将汽车驾驶自动化等级划分为L0-L5六个等级:L0级(应急辅助),紧急情况下提供辅助功能以辅助驾驶员避险;L1级(部分驾驶辅助),可辅助控制单一维度,如定速巡航、车道保持,需驾驶员全程监管;L2级(组合驾驶辅助),可同时控制方向盘和油门,如自适应巡航、车道居中等,但仍需驾驶员随时接管;L3级(有条件自动驾驶),在特定环境下可完全接管驾驶,需驾驶员在系统请求时接管,目前仍处于试点阶段;L4级(高度自动驾驶),特定区域内无需人工干预,但超出范围可能无法运行;L5级(完全自动驾驶),全场景全条件无需人工干预。L4级、L5级尚未实现商业化,仅在部分封闭园区或特定区域进行测试。案发时,我国市面上的智驾汽车都属于L2级以下,即使被告人闫某某开启了自动驾驶功能,其所处的醉驾状态使其不能有效监管自动驾驶情况,其驾驶的电动汽车也未达到高级别自动驾驶水平,电动汽车仅有驾驶辅助功能,不能替代驾驶人员执行驾驶任务。换言之,启动辅助驾驶功能后,驾驶主体并未变更,车辆驾驶仍然高度依赖闫某某,闫某某仍然需要保持对车辆的控制,需要全程、全身心对车辆进行必要操作,确保行车安全,但闫某某作为第一责任人,罔顾醉酒导致的控制能力及操作能力下降的危险,仍然驾驶机动车,在醉酒状态下驾车导致的危险状态并未减弱。因此,闫某某辩称的启动自动驾驶功能不能成为对其从轻处罚的理由。 而且,醉酒型的危险驾驶罪属于抽象危险犯,其造成的危险是被法律类型化的,只要行为人处于醉酒状态且在道路上驾驶机动车,行为人的驾驶行为就具有对公共安全造成侵害的危险。行为人一旦醉酒后在道路上驾驶机动车,无论是否开启了自动驾驶,无论是否在空无一人的道路上行驶,被法律类型化的危险已然存在,不会减弱。闫某某的血液中酒精浓度超过200毫克/100毫升,无论是以旧司法解释评价,还是以入罪标准更宽缓的新司法解释评价,其危险性已然存在。此外,闫某某在明知自己喝酒的情况下,仍然心存侥幸选择驾驶机动车,其具有犯罪故意。 刑事责任的核心始终聚焦于人。尽管人工智能技术在一定程度上提升了人类的能力,重塑了人类的生活方式,但在现行法律框架下,其本质仍是人类创造的工具。即便未来出现具有高度自主意识的强人工智能,关于其是否应承担刑事责任、如何承担责任,仍需法律层面的深入探讨与制度构建。但可以明确的是,作为行为的发起者与决策者,人类始终无法摆脱对自身行为应负的法律责任,这既是法律的基本准则,也是维护社会秩序的根本要求。 专家点评 以法治之智驭技术之新 中国人民公安大学法学院教授、博士生导师陈志军 在闫某某危险驾驶案中,辩方将涉案机动车在案发时开启了自动驾驶功能作为罪轻辩护理由,东城区法院和二审法院的裁判对此均给出了否定回答。在现有的汽车驾驶自动化程度下,启动自动驾驶功能不能成为醉驾型危险驾驶罪的从宽情节,从刑法理论与司法实践双重维度进行审视,本案的裁判逻辑体现了对技术标准的精准认知与对法治的坚定遵守,具有良好的社会效果,所涉及的问题值得法学界深入思考。 首先,技术在改变我们的出行方式,但安全底线始终不能逾越。法院的裁判智慧体现在对技术现状的严谨考察:根据《汽车驾驶自动化分级》(GB/T40429-2021),涉案车辆处于L1-L2级辅助驾驶等级,这类技术的本质是“驾驶员辅助工具”,而非独立驾驶主体,即便系统开启,车辆仍然依赖驾驶员,驾驶员仍需持续监控路况应对突发情况,而醉酒状态必然导致监控能力丧失。法院判决明确技术的工具属性,现阶段自动驾驶技术的“安全性”建立在驾驶员正常履职的基础上,当驾驶员因醉酒丧失履职能力时,技术本身的风险防控功能也随之失效。 其次,法院的裁判还体现了对法治的坚定遵守。醉驾型危险驾驶罪作为抽象危险犯,其构成要件的认定不要求具体危害结果发生,而是通过法律推定在道路上醉酒驾驶机动车会对公共安全造成类型化危险。本案中,辩护人试图以“自动驾驶降低现实危险”为由突破这一推定,但法院判决明确拒绝了这一逻辑,即便在空无一人的道路上醉驾,血液酒精含量超200毫克/100毫升的行为本身,已被法律预设为具有高度危险性。这一裁判立场维护了抽象危险犯的制度价值。从刑法理论看,抽象危险犯的立法目的在于提前防控风险,避免司法资源过度消耗于具体危险的个案证明。若允许以“技术介入”否定类型化危险,将导致醉酒驾驶的入罪标准因技术应用程度不同而浮动,破坏法律适用的统一性。可以试想,如果启动自动驾驶功能可以成为醉驾型危险驾驶罪的从宽情节,似乎也能成为其他三种类型的危险驾驶罪的从宽情节,而这显然有悖于该罪的立法精神。 再次,本案判决具有积极的社会效果。它通过否定醉驾场景下技术分责的错误认知,遏制了公众对自动驾驶的盲目依赖。本案的裁判逻辑,本质上是司法对“技术赋能与人类责任”关系的回应。无论技术如何发展,人类作为行为决策主体,始终无法摆脱法律责任,这一立场坚守了“罪责自负”的刑法基本原则。 最后,本案涉及的问题也值得法学理论和实务界深入思考。若未来L4级以上完全自动驾驶普遍适用,当系统独立决策导致事故时,责任应如何分配?我国现行法律尚无此类规则。未来,随着L3级以上技术的普及,法律需在保障技术创新与维护社会安全之间构建更精细的规则体系,让科技进步与法治建设在良性互动中共同发展。 https://law.cnr.cn/zx/20250923/t20250923_527372290.shtml
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- 「10/10」埼玉 所沢 屋内スキー場で人工雪のゲレンデづくり
- 関東甲信では29日も真夏日となった一方、埼玉県所沢市の屋内スキー場では来月末のオープンに向けて人工雪のゲレンデづくりが進められています。 所沢市の屋内スキー場、「狭山スキー場」は今月中旬から24時間体制で人工の雪をまく作業を行い、同じ施設内にあるウォータースライダーなどの営業を28日で終えたことから本格的なゲレンデづくりにとりかかっています。 しかし、29日は気温が高く、28日夜雪をまいてつくった4メートルの雪山が、29日午前には一部がとけて3.5メートルになっていました。 暑さの中、スタッフは汗かきながら、積もった雪がとけないようシートをかぶせるなどしてゲレンデづくりを進めていました。 今シーズンの営業は来月31日の予定で、全長300メートル、深さ70センチのゲレンデを完成させることにしています。 狭山スキー場の関谷歩己支配人は「例年よりも暑いので、雪がとけやすいため、こまめにシートをかぶせるなど対策をとっています。まだ暑いのでスタッフの熱中症にも気をつけたい」と話していました。
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- 「10/2」園児がドライバーに梨を配り「交通事故なし」を呼びかけ 広島
- 秋の全国交通安全運動に合わせて広島県廿日市市では22日、保育園の園児たちがドライバーに梨を配って「交通事故なし」を呼びかけました。 秋の全国交通安全運動は、歩行者が安全に道路を横断することのほか、運転中の「ながらスマホ」や飲酒運転の根絶などを重点に、9月30日まで行われています。 22日は、廿日市市の保育園の前で、園児たちが止まった車のドライバーに「交通事故なしでお願いします」と声をかけながら、地元で採れた梨を手渡して安全運転を呼びかけました。 警察によりますと、秋は日没が早くなり歩行者に気付きにくくなるため、ドライバーはより注意が必要だということです。 廿日市警察署の籔建彦交通課長は「ドライバーは早めにライトを点灯し、歩行者は反射材を身につけて信号機のある横断歩道を渡るようにしてほしい」と話していました。
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- 「10/1」70キロ超える重さなどかぼちゃのコンテスト 茨城 常陸大宮
- 70キロを超えるかぼちゃの重さなどを競う催しが、茨城県常陸大宮市で開かれました。 常陸大宮市の会場には地元の農家が生産した大小さまざまなかぼちゃ、およそ450個が並べられました。 かぼちゃは重さのほか色合いや見た目、変わった形の3つの部門で審査され、このうち重さでは、93歳の関伸一さんが生産した73キロのかぼちゃが1位に選ばれました。 主催したグループによりますと、ことしは夏場に雨が少なかったことも影響して例年よりも10キロほど軽いかぼちゃが多かったということです。 催しに訪れた家族連れなどはかぼちゃを触ったり、一緒に写真を撮ったりして楽しんでいました。 茨城県ひたちなか市から訪れた70代の女性は「通りががりにたまたま見かけて来ました。すごく大きくてびっくりです。よい形のかぼちゃを探して写真を撮りたいと思います」と話していました。 主催したグループの間瀬邦生さんは「皆さんの喜ぶ姿を見ると頑張って作ったかいがある。地域とともに今後も盛り上げていきたい」と話していました。 集められたかぼちゃは、来月のハロウィーンに向けて都内の観光施設などに出荷されます。